Captain Walter H. Gardner World War II Papers, (1944-1950)

COLL MSS 57

Biographical Sketch:

Walter H. Gardner was born in Logan, Utah in the 1910s. After graduating from the common schools of the area, Gardner studied soil physics at Utah State Agricultural College (now Utah State University) and graduated in 1939 with a B.S. With the advent of World War II, Gardner served as a member of the Army Air Forces Corporation, eventually working for the US Military in Japan studying the general effects of war on the soil and the radioactive contamination of soil near Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After completing his work in the Pacific Gardner returned to Utah and continued his studies. In 1948 he received his M.S. and in 1950 his Ph.D in physics. Thereafter, Gardner taught at numerous universities in the West.

Agronomy News, in August of 1984, published the following profile of Gardner:

WALTER H. GARDNER, professor emeritus, Washington State University, assumed the office of president of the Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Gardner is also presently serving as past president of the Soil Science Society of America. He is widely known for his research and writing in soil physics and soil-water-plant relations. His time-lapse motion picture, "Water Movement in Soil," is used worldwide as a teaching aid. (p.5)

When Gardner retired in the 1980s, he returned to Logan where he has since resided.

Provenance:

The materials in this collection were donated by Walter H. Gardner in two batches, one in 1980 and one in 2004.

Scope & Content Note:

This five box collection contains nearly sixty rare publications about World War II and various government reports relative to US government projects after of war. Some of the publications in this collection are connected to Gardner’s research. These publications consist of United States Strategic Bombing Survey reports published during 1944-1947. The United States Strategic Bombing Survey organization was established in 1944 by the Secretary of War and examined and amassed statistical and documentary material on World War II bombing sites in Germany and Japan. Most of the reports in this collection concern the effects of the United States’ bombardment of cities and industrial sites in Japan, containing numerous graphic photographs and illustrations. These reports yield detailed information on the effects of bombing raids on the Japanese civilian population, economy, electrical power structure, food supply, and other similar topics.

Box 1 primarily contains reports and memoranda regarding the construction of a special hangar at Eglin Field, Florida for testing aircraft under controlled climatic conditions. This box also contains a government publication entitled Guide to Japan, and a publication on a thermal spring in Japan, published partly in Japanese.

Boxes 2-5 contain nearly sixty publications by the United States Strategic Bombing Survey organization. Booklets 1 and 2 concern the European Theater, but the remaining 57 publications concern the war in the Pacific. These booklets have been organized by the division that conducted the bombing surveys. United States Strategic Bombing Survey has also been abbreviated as USSBS.

Following the inventory of this collection, a reference index of subjects and locations has been provided for the aid researchers.

Researcher Note: For additional studies on Gardner’s work, researchers should see USU Special Collections & Archives: Collection Mss 267: Western Society of Soil Science Records.

Inventory:

Box 1: Air Forces Proving Ground Command Papers and other materials.

Fd 1: Climatic Hangar Project Memoranda. 1944. (A project entailing the construction and operation of a mammoth hangar at Eglin Field in Florida to house the performance testing of large aircraft under controlled climatic conditions.)

Fd 2: Climatic Hangar Project Memoranda. 1945.

Fd 3: Climatic Hangar Project. Reports.

Fd 4: Climatic Hangar Project. Specifications.

Fd 5: Climatic Hangar Project. Misc.

Fd 6: Facilities Branch Proof Division. Report. 1944. (The function of this branch of the Army Air Forces Proving Ground Command was to provide the latest testing methods and broad scientific methods of testing for the service testing of Army Air Forces aircraft and auxiliary equipment.)

Fd 7: Pilotless Aircraft Project. Technical Orders. 1945. (These manuals demonstrate the methods of assembly, preparation and launching of the pilotless aircraft type JB-2 jet bomb or "buzz" bomb.)

Fd 8: Report: The Period of Japanese Advance-Prior to Allied Invasion of Guadalcanal, 1941—1942.

Fd 9: Guide to Japan, Cincpac-Cincpoa Bulletin 209-45, 1 September 1945.

Fd 10: Publication on Shirahama Thermal Springs in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan (title and parts of booklet are in Japanese).

Fd 11: Miscellaneous.

Box 2: United States Strategic Bombing Surveys, items 1—14.

European War Reports:

Bk 1: Summary Report; European War, USSBS, 30 September 1946 (five copies)

Bk 2: The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy, Overall Economic Effects Division, USSBS, 31 October 1946.

Pacific War Reports:

Bk 3: Summary Report; Pacific War, USSBS, 1 July 1946 (four copies).

Aircraft Division:

Bk 4: Aichi Aircraft Company Corporation Report No. V, Aircraft Division, USSBS February 1947.

Bk 5: Hitachi Aircraft Company Corporation Report No. VII, Aircraft Division, USSBS, February 1947.

Bk 6: Ishikawajima Aircraft Industries Company, Ltd. Corporation Report No. XIII, Aircraft Division, USSBS, 1 November 1946.

Bk 7: The Japanese Aircraft Industry, Aircraft Division, USSBS, May 1947.

Bk 8: Kawanishi Aircraft Co. Corporation Report No. III, Aircraft Division, USSBS, April 1947.

Bk 9: Kawasaki Aircraft Industries Company, Inc. Corporation Report No. IV, Aircraft Division, USSBS, May 1947.

Bk 10: Kyushu Airplane Industries Corporation Report No. XV, Aircraft Division, USSBS, February 1947.

Bk 11: Nissan Automobile Company Corporation Report No. XVIII, Aircraft Division, USSBS, 1 November 1946.

Bk 12: Showa Airplane Company Corporation Report No. XII, Aircraft Division, USSBS, December 1946.

Bk 13: Underground Production of Japanese Aircraft Report No. XX, Aircraft Division, USSBS, March 1947.

Basic Materials Division:

Bk 14: Coals and Metals in Japan' s War Economy, Basic Material Division, USSBS, April 1947 (two copies).

Box 3: United States Strategic Bombing Surveys, items 15-29.

Chairman's Office:

Bk 15: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Chairman’s Office, USSBS, 19 June 1946.

Bk 16: The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Chairman’s Office, USSBS, 30 June 1946 (four copies).

Civilians Defense Division:

Bk 17: Summary Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Japan, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, 15 March 1946.

Bk 18: Hiroshima, Japan Field Report, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, 15 November 1945.

Bk 19: Field Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Kobe, Japan, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, February 1947.

Bk 20: Field Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Kyoto, Japan, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, February 1947.

Bk 21: Field Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Nagasaki, Japan, Civilan Defense Division, USSBS, March 1947.

Bk 22: Field Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Osaka, Japan, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, May 1947.

Bk 23: Field Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Tokyo, Japan, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, March 1947.

Bk 24: Field Report Covering Air-Raid Protection and Allied Subjects in Japan, Civilian Defense Division, USSBS, February 1947.

Construction Division:

Bk 25: The Japanese Construction Industry, Construction Section, USSBS, 30 November 1945 (two copies).

Electric Power Division:

Bk 26: Electric Power Industry of Japan, Electrical Power Division, USSBS, 3 December 1945.

Bk 27: Electric Power Industry of Japan: Plant Reports, Electrical Power Division, USSBS, May 1947.

Manpower, Food, and Civilian Supplies Division:

Bk 28: The Japanese Wartime Standard of Living and Utilization of Manpower, Manpower, Food and Civilian Supplies Division, USSBS, January 1947.

Medical Division:

Bk 29: The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Health and Medical Services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Medical Division, USSBS, March 1947.

Box 4: United States Strategic Bombing Surveys, items 30—45.

Military Analysis Division:

Bk 30: The Effect of Air Action on Japanese Ground Army Logistics, Military Analysis Division, USSBS, April 1947.

Bk 31: Japanese Air Weapons and Tactics, Military Analysis Division, USSBS, January 1947.

Military Supplies Division:

Bk 32: Japanese Army Ordnance, Military Supplies Division, USSBS, December 1946.

Bk 33: Japanese Motor Vehicle Industry, Military Supplies Division , USSBS, 1 November 1946.

Photographic Intelligence Section:

Bk 34: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Two; Airfields, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 35: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Three: Computed Bomb Plotting, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 36: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Four: Urban Area Analysis, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 37: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Five: Camouflage, Concealment, and Defense, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 38: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Six: Shipping, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 39: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Seven: Electronics, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 40: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Eight: Beach Intelligence, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 41: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Nine: Coast and Anti-Aircraft Artillery, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 42: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Ten: Roads and Railroads, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Bk 43: Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland: Part Eleven: Industrial Analysis, Photographic Intelligence Section, USSBS.

Physical Damage Division:

Bk 44: Effects of Incendiary Bomb Attacks on Japan: A Report of Eight Cities, Physical Damage Division, USSBS, April 1947.

Bk 45: Effects of Two Thousand, One Thousand and Five Hundred Pound Bombs on Japanese Targets: A Report of Eight Incidents, Physical Damage Division, USSBS April 1947.

Box 5: United States Strategic Bombing Surveys, items 46—59.

Ships Bombardment Survey Party:

Bk 46: Comments and Data on Effectiveness of Ammunition and Accuracy of Firings, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, May 1946.

Bk 47: Study of the Hakodate Area: 1945, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, April 1946.

Bk 48: Study of the Hamamatsu Area: 1945, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, April 1946.

Bk 49: Study of the Kamaishi Area: 1945, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, 1946.

Bk 50: Study of the Muroran Area: 1945, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, April 1946.

Bk 51: Study of the Shimizu Area: 1945, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, 1946.

Bk 52: Study of Shionomisaki and Nojima Saki Areas: 1945, Ships Bombardment Survey Party, USSBS, May 1946.

Urban Areas Division:

Bk 53: The Effects of Air Attack on Japanese Urban Economy: Summary Report, Urban Areas Report, USSBS, March 1947.

Bk 54: The Effects of Air Attack on the City of Nagoya, Urban Areas Report, USSBS, June 1947.

Bk 55: The Effects of Air Attack on the City of Nagasaki, Urban Areas Report, USSBS, April 1947.

Bk 56: The Effects of Air Attack on the Urban Complex of Tokyo-Kawasaki-Yokohama, Urban Areas Report, USSBS, June 1947.

Capital Equipment and Construction Division:

Bk 57: Japanese Electrical Equipment, Capital Equipment and Construction Division, USSBS, 30 November 1945.

Oil and Chemical Division:

Bk 58: Chemicals in Japan’s War, Oil and Chemical Division, USSBS, February 1946.

Bk 59: Chemicals in Japan’s War: Appendix, Oil and Chemical Division, USSBS, 1946.

Index of Subjects & Locations

AICHI AIRCRAFT COMPANY Box 4 No. 4

AICHI-EITOKA AIRCRAFT COMPANY Box 4 No. 45

AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY Box 2 No. 4-13

AIR FIELDS Box 4 No. 34

AIR-RAID PROTECTION Box 3 No. 19-24

AIR WEAPONS Box 4 No. 31

AKASHI, JAPAN Box 4 No. 44

AMAGASAKI, JAPAN Box 4 No. 45

ANTI-AIRCRAFT ARTILLERY Box 4 No. 41

AOMORI, JAPAN Box 4 No. 44

ARMY AIR FORCE PROVING GROUND COMMAND Box 1 Fd. 1-8

ATOMIC BOMBS Box 3 No. 15,16,18,21,29 Box 5 No. 55

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Box 2 No. 11 Box 4 No. 33

"BUZZ" BOMBS Box I Fd. 7

CIVILIAN DEFENSE Box 3 No. 17-24

COASTAL ARTILLERY Box 4 No. 40-41

CONCEALMENT/CONCEALMENT Box 4 No. 37

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Box 3 No. 25

DEFENSE SYSTEM Box 4 No. 37

ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY Box 3 No. 26-27

ELECTRONICS Box 4 No. 39

GERMAN WAR ECONOMY Box 2 No. 2

HACHIOJI, JAPAN Box 4 No 44

HAKODATE, JAPAN Box 5 No 47

HAMAMATSU, JAPAN Box 5 No 48

HIROSHIMA, JAPAN Box 3 No 15,16,18,29

HITACHI AIRCRAFT COMPANY Box 2 No 5

IMABARI, JAPAN Box 4 No 44

ISHIKAWAJIMA AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES...Box 2 No 6

JAPANESE WAR ECONOMY Box 2 No 3-14; Box 3 No. 25-28; Box 4 No. 33,38,39,42,43

JAPANESE WARTIME STANDARD OF LIVING Box 3 No. 28

KAMAISHI, JAPAN Box 5 Box 5

KAWANISHI AIRCRAFT CO~ANY Box 2 Box 4

KAWASAKI AIRCRAFT COMPANIES Box 2 No. 8

KOBE, JAPAN Box 3 No. 19

KYOTO, JAPAN Box 3 No. 20

KYUSHU AIRPLANE INDUSTRIES Box 2 No. 10

LOGISTICS, ARMY Box 4 No. 30

MEDICAL FACILITIES/Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan Box 3 No. 29

MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Box 4 No. 45

MURORAN, JAPAN Box 5 No. 50

NAGASAKI, JAPAN Box 3 No. 15, 16, 21, 29; Box 5 No. 55

NAGOYA, JAPAN Box 4 No. 44, 45 ; Box 5 no. 54

NAKAJIMA AIRCRAFT ENGINE WORKS Box 4 No. 45

NISSAN AUTOMOBILE COMPANY Box 2 No. 11

NOJIMASAKI, JAPAN Box 5. No. 52

OITA, JAPAN Box 4 No. 44

OSAKA, JAPAN Box 3 No. 22; Box 4 No. 45

OSAKA ARMY ARSENAL Box 4 No. 45

PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE Box 4 No. 34-43

PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT Box I Fd. 7

RAILROADS Box 4 No. 42

ROADS Box 4 No. 42

SHIMIZU, JAPAN Box 5 No. 51

SHIPPING Box 4 No 38

SHIONOMISAKI, JAPAN Box 5 No 52

SHIZUOKA, JAPAN Box 4 No 45

SHOWA AIRPLANE COMPANY Box 2 No 12

SUMITOMO METAL COMPANY Box 4 No 45

TACTICS Box 4 No 31

TAKARZUKA, JAPAN Box 4 No 45

TOKYO, JAPAN Box 3 No 23; Box 4 No. 44, 45

UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY Box 2,3,4,5

YOKAHOMA, JAPAN Box 5 No. 56

For more information: 435/797-2663; Manuscript Librarian.
Special Collections & Archives, Merrill Library, Utah State University Libraries, Utah State University 84322-3000